Religion vs Culture

Practices widely believed to be religious commands, but which — read against the Qur'an and authentic sources — are largely custom and tradition. Method: text first (ayah, hadith where relevant), then the difference from popular practice; on contested matters, each view by name and with its source. The aim is not to accuse, but to tell religion apart from culture.

No school is declared “wrong” here; a practice with a basis in the Qur'an or authentic sources is never labelled “mere culture”. On contested items, views are given with their sources. This page is not a fiqh fatwa.